2025年01月03日
発明の特徴が複数あるときに注意すべきこと ～製品が先ではなく、アイデアが先【リライト版】
そういう方も多くいらっしゃいます。
→つまり「アンド条件」なのか？
→つまり「オア条件」なのか？
特許の書類の書き方しだいで非常に狭い権利となるおそれがあります。
ａだけの○○装置、または、ｂだけの○○装置は、特許にはなりません。
この点にご注意ください。
１つの特許出願で目指します。
■製品が先ではなく、アイデアが先
✔アイデア（発明）＝「１つの課題を解決するための、１つの手段」
この点を意識しましょう。
→ａまたはｂのいずれか一方が完成した段階で、特許を意識してもいい
実際の現場では、そういうケースもあると思います。
いずれか一つの特徴だけの製品は現実的でないこともあるでしょう。
上記の請求項の記載が参考になれば幸いです。
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弁理士 田村誠治（元特許庁審査官）
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音は出ませんのでぜひご覧ください
＜機械翻訳＞
Things to keep in mind when an invention has multiple features: the idea comes first, not the product [Rewritten version]
(Q) I was tinkering with my product and I ended up with something good.
Compared to the original product, there are two improvements.
I'd like to get a patent for this improved product...
(A) You can get a patent for the content of the improvement.
Let's organize the relationship between the two features (hereafter, a and b).
Depending on how you write the patent document, you may end up with a very narrow right.
<Explanation>
You have a specific product (improvement) and want to get a patent for it!
There are many people like that.
However, a patent is basically given to an invention (idea).
An invention is "one means to solve one problem."
When there are two features, check the following points.
✔ Both features are necessary and together they form one means
→ In other words, is it an "AND condition"?
✔ Either one of the two features can solve the problem
→ In other words, is it an "OR condition"?
Although it is actually an OR condition, it is interpreted as an AND condition...
Depending on how the patent document is written, it may result in a very narrow right.
(1) Claim description in the case of AND conditions
[Claim 1] A XX device characterized by a and b.
(2) Claim description in the case of OR conditions
[Claim 1] A XX device characterized by a.
[Claim 2] A XX device characterized by b.
In the case of (1)
A XX device with only a or a XX device with only b cannot be patented.
Anyone can implement a XX device with only a or a XX device with only b.
Please note this point.
(Even if there are two features, it is better to think of it as one idea.)
If a and b are independent features, it can be written as in (2).
In (2), there are two patents: a XX device with only a and a XX device with only b.
Aim for one patent application.
(Depending on the relationship between a and b, they may not be able to be combined into one application.)
The above also applies when an invention has three or more features.
■The idea comes first, not the product
In principle, patents are "idea first", not "product first".
✔Idea (invention) = "one means to solve one problem"
Be aware of this point.
In the above example, if a and b are OR conditions,
→You can start thinking about patents when either a or b is completed.
I don't mean to say that "use your head before your hands".
Like the questioner, the invention was completed when you were fiddling with the product!
I think there are cases like that in the real world.
Also, in theory, it is OR condition, but it is not realistic in the actual product...
A product with only one feature may not be realistic.
Let's aim for a good patent, taking into consideration various circumstances!
I hope the above claim description will be helpful.
If you are unsure about the contents of this article, please consult a patent office (patent attorney).
